Each year, people on or near boats suffer painful and debilitating burns or even death from fuel vapor ignition in an uncontrolled environment. Vapors from leaking fuel lines, corroded fuel tanks or poor ventilation skulk in the low areas of your boat, and create one of the most feared hazards of all, fire. It's sudden, chaotic and devastating.
With proper safety procedures and precautions, uncontrolled explosions on board your boat are nearly always preventable. Just remember these equipment and fueling tips:
Have your fuel lines inspected regularly, at least once a year. Look for loose fittings or cracks in the lines, and if you see a problem, fix or replace it. If you use portable fuel tanks, check them for corrosion or pitting.
Make sure the vents work properly, and that there is a vapor-tight, leak-proof cap on the tank. If your tanks are permanently mounted, have them inspected annually. Be certain that they are vented to the outside of the hull, and that fill pipes are outboard so that spills will not end up in closed compartments.
Before you fuel, if you have a boatload of people, and they're not all needed for the fueling process, suggest they leave the boat and go browse around the Marina. The fewer people around the gas pump when you're fueling the better. Shut off all your engines, blowers, electric motors and galley stoves, and close all compartments, ports, windows and hatches. The idea is to keep the vapors out of those areas when you start fueling. If you're refueling portable tanks, take them out of the boat and fill them ashore. If you spill gasoline on the tanks, wipe them off before bringing them back on board.
Make sure a fire extinguisher is readily available when fueling!
During the fueling process, try not to spill fuel on, in or around the boat. In fact, don't spill fuel anywhere. Hold the fill nozzle against the metal side of the fuel filler pipe. The filler pipe is grounded to the bonding system of the boat, and making contact between the
nozzle and the pipe at all times will help prevent sparks from static electricity.
After fueling, tightly replace the fuel filler caps. Clean up any spills that you weren't supposed to have in the first place, and properly dispose of the rags you use to clean up the mess. Now you're ready to open up all the hatches, ports and compartments that you closed up prior to starting the fueling process. Before you turn on your ventilation blower in the bilge, do one final check for fumes by using your nose. If you smell gasoline vapors, do not flip any switches. Find where the fumes are coming from and resolve it.
If you follow these procedures, and make sure your fuel tank and lines are in good condition, you stand a good chance of avoiding an explosion hazard on your boat before, during and after the fueling process.